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Hepatitis B vaccine is a vaccine for the prevention of hepatitis B, an infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The vaccine contains one of the viral envelope proteins, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). It is produced by yeast cells, into which the genetic code for HBsAg has been inserted. A course of two to three (2–3) vaccine injections is given, the second injection at least one month after the first dose and the third injection being administered six months after the first dose. The first and second dose offer complete protection. The final injection (second or third depending on number of vaccines being administered) is to prolong protection against the HBV. Afterward an immune system antibody to HBsAg is established in the bloodstream. The antibody is known as ''anti-HBs''. This antibody and immune system memory then provide immunity to HBV infection. The first vaccine became available in 1981. A range of vaccines is available in the market. Presently recombinant DNA vaccines are available, which means they are produced by inserting the gene for HBV into common baker's yeast where it is grown, harvested, and purified. HBV infection cannot occur from receiving hepatitis B vaccine. The common brands available are ''Recombivax HB'' (Merck), ''Engerix-B'' (GSK), ''Elovac B'' (Human Biologicals Institute, a division of Indian Immunologicals Limited), ''Genevac B'' (Serum Institute), ''Shanvac B'', etc. These vaccines are given by the intramuscular route. Hepatitis B vaccine is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system. ==Medical uses== Babies born to mothers infected with HBV are vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and injected with hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG). Many countries now routinely vaccinate infants against hepatitis B. In countries with high rates of hepatitis B infection, vaccination of newborns has not only reduced the risk of infection, but has also led to marked reduction in liver cancer. This was reported in Taiwan where the implementation of a nationwide hepatitis B vaccination program in 1984 was associated with a decline in the incidence of childhood hepatocellular carcinoma. In the UK, the vaccine is offered to MSM, usually as part of a sexual health check-up. A similar situation is in operation in Ireland.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hepatitis B vaccine )〕 In many areas, vaccination against hepatitis B is also required for all health-care and laboratory staff. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have issued recommendations for vaccination against hepatitis B among patients with diabetes mellitus. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hepatitis B vaccine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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